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Life Without Sunlight
marine scienceIn 1977, scientists exploring the floor of the Pacific Ocean near the Galápagos Islands made a discovery that long-held ideas about life. Around cracks in the seabed, where water heated by volcanic rock pours out, they found crowded communities of clams, crabs and giant tube worms. Since no sunlight such depths, these animals could not depend on plants. Instead, the food chain is based on bacteria that obtain energy from chemicals in the hot water, a process called chemosynthesis. The discovery showed that life can in conditions once thought far too hostile, and it has encouraged scientists to look for life on other worlds.