Complete the Words

In 1968, the ecologist Garrett Hardin described a problem that he called the tragedy of the commons. Picture (1)a_ open (2)pas____ that (3)ev___ farmer (4)i_ a (5)vil____ is (6)fr__ to (7)u__. Each (8)far___ gains (9)t__ whole (10)ben____ of adding another cow, while the damage from overgrazing is shared by everyone. As a result, the pasture can be ruined even though no single farmer wanted that outcome. Later, the economist Elinor Ostrom showed that many communities avoid this problem by creating their own rules for sharing.